Slavery in Colonial America :: Slavery Essays

Slavery in Colonial America The first arrivals of Africans in America were treated similarly to the indentured servants in Europe. Black servants were treated differently from the white servants and by 1740 the slavery system in colonial America was fully developed. Slavery as it existed in America was a practice founded on the chattel principle. Slaves were treated as human chattel to be traded, sold, used, and ranked not among beings, but among things, as an article of property to the owner or possessor. Because the American slave system was based on this principle of human chattlehood, slaves were confined in many ways that handicapped them from even being able to act or live as a human being. The very idea of human chattelhood gave the master unlimited control over his defenseless slave. Chattels are not permitted to get married, acquire or hold property. Chattels cannot have rights and hence the slave has no rights. Chattels can be bought and sold and so justifies the existence of the slave trade. Chattels do not have any claim to legal protection, therefore the slave has none and must tolerate the cruelties of slavery. Chattels are not to be educated or instructed in religion. And lastly, chattels do not possess the freedom of speech and of the press. Race was a very important factor in American slavery. In other nations, slaves would be of the same race as their master. An ex-slave could re-enter society with their past forgotten and be accepted once again. On the other hand, American slavery was closely connected to racial differences that led to racial segregation and discrimination. Master and slave could physically be distinguished from one another, which ultimately distinguished one as human and the other as chattel. Before the American Revolution, slavery existed in every one of the colonies. But by the last quarter of the 18th century, slavery was eventually abandoned in the North mainly because it was not as profitable as it was to the South (where it was becoming even more prevalent). Slavery was an extremely important element in America's economy because of the expanding tobacco and cotton plantations in the Southern states that were in need of more and more cheap labor. At one point America was a land of 113, 000 slaveholders controlling twenty million slaves. By the 1760's many Americans were beginning to become dissatisfied with their mother nation and were waging a war of resistance against the British colonial government. Slavery in Colonial America :: Slavery Essays Slavery in Colonial America The first arrivals of Africans in America were treated similarly to the indentured servants in Europe. Black servants were treated differently from the white servants and by 1740 the slavery system in colonial America was fully developed. Slavery as it existed in America was a practice founded on the chattel principle. Slaves were treated as human chattel to be traded, sold, used, and ranked not among beings, but among things, as an article of property to the owner or possessor. Because the American slave system was based on this principle of human chattlehood, slaves were confined in many ways that handicapped them from even being able to act or live as a human being. The very idea of human chattelhood gave the master unlimited control over his defenseless slave. Chattels are not permitted to get married, acquire or hold property. Chattels cannot have rights and hence the slave has no rights. Chattels can be bought and sold and so justifies the existence of the slave trade. Chattels do not have any claim to legal protection, therefore the slave has none and must tolerate the cruelties of slavery. Chattels are not to be educated or instructed in religion. And lastly, chattels do not possess the freedom of speech and of the press. Race was a very important factor in American slavery. In other nations, slaves would be of the same race as their master. An ex-slave could re-enter society with their past forgotten and be accepted once again. On the other hand, American slavery was closely connected to racial differences that led to racial segregation and discrimination. Master and slave could physically be distinguished from one another, which ultimately distinguished one as human and the other as chattel. Before the American Revolution, slavery existed in every one of the colonies. But by the last quarter of the 18th century, slavery was eventually abandoned in the North mainly because it was not as profitable as it was to the South (where it was becoming even more prevalent). Slavery was an extremely important element in America's economy because of the expanding tobacco and cotton plantations in the Southern states that were in need of more and more cheap labor. At one point America was a land of 113, 000 slaveholders controlling twenty million slaves. By the 1760's many Americans were beginning to become dissatisfied with their mother nation and were waging a war of resistance against the British colonial government.

Napoleonic Era

The French Constitution of the Year VIII was a nationwide charter that was adopted on the twenty-fourth of December, 1799.   Around that time, the French Revolution was coming to coming to an end.   It also marked the eighth year in the calendar of the French Revolution.   This constitution was well known for the innovation of the type of government branded as Consulate.   One of the premises of the constitution is to get the consensus of the general public to weigh on opinion for the masses. This constitution was responsible for fabricating the position of First Consul, a position which gave Napoleon Bonapart the authority of a tyrant (Connely, 2000). Effectivity This constitution was effective for a short time and was later amended into the Constitution of the year X, a constitution that made Napoleon Bonaprte the First Consul for the duration of his lifespan.   The constitution that succeeded was blatantly favored to Bonaparte as it did not come with a Declaration of Rights (cited in Crook, 2007). How Bonaprte amended the constitution and rose to Power The Constitution of the year VIII basically divides the French Government into three parts.   First of which is the senate; it is composed of 31 men with an age bracket of 60 and above.   The second is the Tribunate; which is comprised of 100 men.   Last the Core Legislatif; this division is formed by 300 legislators.   However, though the government has three divisions, the authentic power resides in the First Consul, much similar to the totalitarian concept of Julius Caesar’s rule, which is peace through tyranny (Connely, 2000). References Connely, O. (2000). The Frecnh Revolution and Napoleonic Era.   Texas: Harcourt. University of North Carolina Greensboro (2002). French History Timeline. Retrieved November 17, 2007 from http://www.uncg.edu/com/sources/dafein/civ/timeline.htm The Napoleon Series (1995-2002). Government and Politics.   Constitution of the year VIII.   Retrieved November 17, 2007 From http://www.napoleon-series.org/research/government/ legislation/c_constitution8.htm

Uses and abuse of drugs - 983 Words

â€Å"Last year alone, 37,000 people died from drug related overdoses.† Many people do not understand why or how other people become addicted to drugs. Substance abuse is a growing problem that not only affects the person who is abusing alcohol or drugs but also affects the lives of those who are close to the abuser. Substance abuse is the abuse of any substance. A drug is a substance that modifies one or more of the body’s functions when it is consumed. It is often mistakenly assumed that drug abusers lack moral principles or willpower and that they could stop using drugs simply by choosing to change their behavior. In reality, drug addiction is a disease and quitting takes a lot more than just changing your behavior. Drug Abuse is generally†¦show more content†¦Some people are more susceptible than others in that their reward responses are stronger which is why some people will get addicted to things more easily than other people will. If you add to that a tr oubled background of some sort, then when the brain offers its reward response though making that person feels calmer and happier or more in control, they are more likely than someone who is pretty happy. Alcohol is made of ethanol, it is a depressant, your body becomes addictive to the depressant effects and you eventually need it to stop the shakes (delirium tremors) and the withdrawals of the depressant effects on the brain and body. For example, caffeine is a stimulant, and people become addicted to that and when having caffeine withdrawals one has headaches and other neurological effects. However, alcohol is a lot more dangerous because if you are a hardcore not only can you die from drinking, if you stop cold turkey you can have convulsions and die from withdrawals. The â€Å"addictive substance† is ethanol. When you are pregnant, it is important that you watch what you put into your body. Consumption of illegal drugs is not safe for the unborn baby or for the mother. S tudies have shown that consumption of illegal drugs during pregnancy can result in miscarriage, low birth weight, premature labor, placental abruption, fetal death, and even maternal death. If its suspected that woman whose pregnant is using drugs they will test the baby to see if its born addicted,Show MoreRelatedPrescription Drug Use And Drug Abuse1691 Words   |  7 PagesPrescription drug abuse is an ongoing problem in rural teens. The National Survey on Drug Use and Health suggests that 13% of teens between the ages of 12-17 have experimented with nonmedical prescription drugs at some point in their lives. Researchers have identified several factors linked with nonmedical prescription drug use such as their school enrollment status, history of depression, and a two parent household presence (Gever, 2010). Nonmedical prescription drug abuse has been the rise, inRead MoreThe Ethics of Drug Use and Drug Abuse1579 Words   |  6 PagesEthics of Drug Use and Drug Abuse For any professional working in the substance abuse treatment field, they will very likely come across situations and be presented with dilemmas relating to personal beliefs, judgments, and values. Drug or substance use and abuse have been a controversial and heated topic around the world for centuries. Drug abuse, in a way, is a facet of human culture that has been present for a great deal of human history in general. Every culture handles the issue of drug abuseRead MoreTreatment Of Drug Use And Drug Abuse Essay2194 Words   |  9 Pages According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse (2012), the intention of drug addiction treatment is to help addicted individuals stop compulsive drug use and drug-seeking behavior (p. 8). Substance use is a timeless practice of cultures around the world and can be found in religious ceremonies, celebratory engagements, and family gatherings. Substance abuse and addiction has also been lurking in the shadows of history and has morphed into what some are calling an epidemic today. Treatment forRead MoreThe Influence Of Drug Use And Abuse736 Words   |  3 PagesOver the course of the last twenty years, drug usage has changed rather dramatically. From the kinds of drugs used to their potencies to how much is used, there are multiple factors to observe. Some drugs that didn’t even exist or were almost unheard of that long ago are some of the most abused today and are growing in popularity. In this essay I will be analyzing how people use drugs differently today than they did 2 0 years ago, in 1997, as opposed to how it is used today in 2017. In addition toRead MoreAnti Drug Use And Abuse1413 Words   |  6 PagesThe twentieth century was filled with illegal drug use and abuse among people from all walks of life including the rich and famous to the humble housewife and everyone in between. The type of drugs that were popular changed during the century and in return the views on them from society changed with them. Legislation had to continually be updated in order to keep up with the times as well. In the 1952 Dwight Eisenhower was elected President of the United States and his administration started toRead MoreDrug Use And Abuse Of Marijuana1299 Words   |  6 Pages There are several people in our society that have undergone a difficult time in their period which has resulted in the use of illegal substances. In today’s society there are people who would say that the use of marijuana is a result of bad parenting, while others claim that it is due to their surroundings. Regardless of one’s point of view, the use of marijuana has been going on for some time now and is not only a problem in our generation but back during the 1900’s to 1950’s as well. During theRead MoreDifference Between Drug Use And Drug Abuse1515 Words   |  7 Pagesmeant by the â€Å"drug abuse continuum†? Explain each of the levels on the continuum. How does the continuum help to explain the difference between drug use and drug abuse? Drug abuse continuum is referred to the stages of substances abuse and usage. This theory is to assess where a person is at in their drug abuse. It helps rate, which treatment is proper, if needed. The stages defined in the continuum are non-use, experimental use, and culturally endorsed us. They are also known as social use, recreationalRead MoreAddiction And Opioid Use For Drug Abuse954 Words   |  4 PagesAddiction and opioid use Drug abuse and addiction remain large and persistent problems. Nationally, addiction and abuse of all substances costs the economy an estimated $600 billion dollars annually. Indeed, over the past decade, illicit drug use appears to be steady or rising (2011 National Survey on Drug Use and Health; DHHS). From this we see that prescription and non-prescription opioid use is particularly problematic. For example, prescription pain reliever misuse has remained consistentlyRead MoreDrug Use And Abuse With Teenage Children2286 Words   |  10 PagesWhen tackling the hard subject of drug use and abuse with teenage children there are many tactics a parent can use to address the subject with their children. First it is important for the parent to be informed of the hard facts so that they can convey the appropriate information to their kids. First explaining the legal side of using drugs is beneficial in raising the children’s awareness of repercussions that can be associated with experimenting with drugs. More than 100,000 inmates are convictedRead MoreDrug Abuse : Act Of Marijuana Use2019 Words   |  9 Pages Drug Abuse Implications in Reference to Marijuana use Drug abuse is too much consumption of drugs which results in problematic consequences as a result of the excessive consumption. The issue of drug abuse has presented major controversies as to whether or not is detrimental to health and should not be used or whether people have the absolute right to do whatever they may please with their lives so long as nobody else is being affected. The abuse of drugs has not only disastrous consequences

Persuasive Essay About Extreme Sports - 2060 Words

Extreme Sports Introduction + Thesis: (C) In Jeb Golinkin’s essay Why Parents Should Let Their Kids Play Dangerous Sports, Golinkin states an incident that happened while playing a dangerous sport. â€Å"25-year-old, Caleb Moore died from an injury when his snowmobile came crashing down on his head after a trick went wrong in the Winter X Games in Aspen, Colo† (pp.616). In this case, Moore thought that the trick would’ve been perfect since he had practiced before the actual competition. Dangerous sports are all those activities or disciplines that are mostly already existing, but due to unusual circumstances or specific implicit situations such as the danger or difficulty that carries them out, they are considered extreme. Extreme sports are†¦show more content†¦It is clear that dangerous sports claim us with something else. Sports also promote values and help to build character, since they promote honesty, teamwork and fair play, as well as respect for teammates and opponents. The experience of being a winner or loser teaches us to be humble and to tolerate frustration. Competition in general strengthens self-esteem, confidence and stress management. Assuming some important role within the team also contributes to the development of leadership skills. The practice of any sport with consistency helps teenagers to learn the importance of discipline, perseverance and effort. It also encourages competitiveness that, if developed moderately, can be very beneficial in life. Boys and girls learn to enjoy victories and to become strong with defeats. In the case of team sports, the amount of benefits for the boys is also extended. They learn the importance of telling others what their sociability develops; they understand the importance of respecting authority; the need to follow the rules and the importance of respecting rivals. Body Paragraph 2, Support your Stance/Position: (C) Additionally, keeps young adults healthy. The importance of it is that it allows the child to exercise their body to maintain a good physical level. It is basically a physical activity that brings the body into operation, and takes it out of its resting state in front of which it normally finds itself. Their body gets used to having a life full ofShow MoreRelatedMy Journey Through Writer’S Composition Has Been A Rocky1213 Words   |  5 Pagesbut from these experiences I have grown as a writer overall. The essays I have written for this course demonstrate that I have developed critical thinking and have shown minor improvements in my communication skills. They also demonstrate that though I have made some progress in personal responsibility and general writing skills, I still have work to do. From Writer’s Composition Two, I have developed an understanding of persuasive writing, and I now am able to pick a topic or a claim and argue itRead MoreThe, Beauty, And Beauty15 73 Words   |  7 Pagescontemporary individual. People who are fretful with their appearances have divergent ways of remodeling the way they look, essentially; makeup, clothes, or just being in tranquility with themselves. However, there is a more profound alternative, which is persuasive in terms of wavering the way an individual looks like. But, is remarkably debated and should be abnegated from preponderant cases: The craft of plastic surgery. In a candid notion, plastic surgery can be delineated as, a procedure of rejuvenatingRead MoreThe Roles of Marketing and Public Relations in Modern Organizations1808 Words   |  7 PagesWith the birth of Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC) or Integrated Communications (IC), the lines between marketing and public relations are becoming increasingly blurred, making it difficult to differentiate between the two functions. This essay aims to examine the two roles in the light of the emergent phenomenon of IMC to determine their individuality as well as their interdependence on each other for the best possible outcomes. Marketing is described as the steps an organisation takesRead MoreEating Disorders and Free Essays8687 Words   |  35 Pagesï » ¿2 = 2 dfhnmxpd h Free Essays Home | Search Essays | FAQ | Guarantees | Privacy | Lost Essay? | Contact Search Results eating disorder Free Essays Unrated Essays Better Essays Stronger Essays Powerful Essays Term Papers Research Papers Search by keyword: Sort By: Your search returned over 400 essays for eating disorder. To narrow your search results, please add more search terms to your query. [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [Next ] These results are sorted by most relevantRead MoreEssay on The Mighty Red Bull in the World of Marketing3258 Words   |  14 Pagesinclude sampling and sponsoring of the product, where Red Bull modified cars were seen driven in public, handing out cans of red bull to people in need of energy such as shift workers, truck drivers, athletes et all; also the sponsoring of massive extreme sports events and competitions (Stefani.2008)(Kumar. Linguri). (Desource, 2008) The consumers’ sense of sight was initiated every time a Red Bull car was spotted. The car consisted of the colors blue andRead MoreAnalysis Of Billigs Banal Nationalism By Michael Billigs1919 Words   |  8 Pagesunconsciousness of the community. Many theorists of nationalism had grown more than exhausted of arguing about civic versus ethnic nationalism as well as the distinction of the benign patriotism from dangerous nationalism. Moreover, Calhoun’s statement reflect some limits in the relationship between Billing’s work and social science more generally, these are also going to be addressed in this essay. ‘Nationalism gives shape to soccer loyalties and the Olympic games, as well as towards an economic competition’Read MoreAdvertising to Youth2683 Words   |  11 Pagesmoney on advertisement to ensure popularity and early brand loyalty. In the last decade, these superbrands are looking towards new and outrageous ways to capture young audiences, although these campaigns are appealing, how effective are they? This essay is meant to demonstrate how companies are reinventing themselves, whether their efforts are effective, and what possible implications these actions may have on youth during their t eenage years, when they may be the most impressionable. As mentionedRead MoreSynthesis Paper - Papparazzi1930 Words   |  8 PagesDo celebrities have a right to privacy? This essay takes a look at the paparazzi, the celebrities, the tactics used to take the pictures, and the tactics used to avoid a photo from being taken. The Paparazzi The paparazzi are possibly the most despised media practitioners. Members of this group can be seen on the streets of Los Angeles and New York, hoping to catch an unguarded moment of a celebrity, buying coffee, walking a dog, or doing just about any mundane activity. (Mendelson 1) Red CarpetsRead MoreCross Cultural Aspects Of Public Relations Management And Advertising3379 Words   |  14 Pagesmanagement. Based on the concept from the cultural anthropologist Geertz (1973: 89), culture is defined as a â€Å"historically transmitted pattern of meanings† (symbolic and linguistic) which individuals utilise to communicate, develop and transform knowledge about and attitudes towards life (Hodges 2012). In terms of intercultural communication which is originally introduced by Samovar and Porter (1985: ), it occurs â€Å"whenever a message producer is a member of one culture and a message receiver is a member ofRead MoreBoyer Dbq Teacher Guide10764 Words   |  44 PagesTeachersâ €™ Guide This guide is intended to suggest some possible ways that students may organize essays related to the document-based questions in the Advanced Placement version of The Enduring Vision, 6th Edition, and to provide teachers with some information on each included document. The suggestions certainly do not exhaust the possibilities; students, no doubt, will create other valid and persuasive organizational patterns and document applications. Here, the documents are discussed in order to

Analysis Of The Article Of Rutabagas And Redeemers ...

In the years following the civil war, the Democratic Party within Texas was divided in many ways by a variety of issues. Though united against Republicans and their liberal Reconstruction policies, Texas Democrats in this period came from a variety of backgrounds and had unique motivations driving their political sentiments. In the article Of Rutabagas and Redeemers: Rethinking the Texas Constitution of 1876, Patrick Williams argues against the pervasive characterization of the key factions in the Democratic Party during the constitutional convention consisting of agrarian versus business minded or â€Å"new South† interests. Williams contends that although convention contemporaries including noted â€Å"Rutabaga† (a semi-derogatory term for a delegate in league with the Grange) John Johnson came to believe that the constitution of 1876 represented the triumph of farmers and their allies against corporate driven â€Å"progressive† Democrats and their policies, th e political reality was much more complicated. To begin his assessment of the factional politics surrounding the constitution of 1876 and the â€Å"Redeemer† convention that fashioned it, Williams points out that several historians who have discussed post-Civil war southern politics including Michael Perman, J. Morgan Kousser, and Seth McKay do indeed ascribe to the paradigm of the rise of the agrarian â€Å"rutabaga† over the â€Å"new South† cosmopolitan businessman. He attributes this perpetuation of the agrarian myth to contemporary

Martin Luther King Short Bio Free Essays

Michael Luther King Jar. Became Martin Luther King Jar. Martin Jar. We will write a custom essay sample on Martin Luther King Short Bio or any similar topic only for you Order Now Was so eager to learn that he tried to go to school when he was five years old. He was too young to go to school that year. Martin Jar. Went to first grade when he was six years old. Martin Jar. Played with his sister, Christine, and his brother, Alfred Daniel. Monopoly, Chinese checkers and marbles were Martin Jar. ‘s favorite indoor games. He also played the piano, violin and he sang. Outside, Martin Jar. Rode his bike, football, baseball, flew kites, and built a tree house with his brother Alfred. Martin also liked to play tricks on people. One day, he loosened the leg on a Plano bench. When his Plano teacher sat down, he crashed to the floor. Martin Jar. Had a bad experience when he was six. He and his friends often played games in his big backyard. One day, Martin Jar. Asked two white friends to play with him , but their mother told Martin Jar. That her boys could never play with him again. Martin Jar. Was so upset. His parents explained about the laws separating African Americans and white people. African American children couldn’t go to the same schools as white people. They couldn’t share drinking fountains or restrooms with white people. If an African American got on a bus had to give up his or her seat for a white person. Although the laws were wrong, Martin’s Jar. Mother told her son to always remember that he was somebody. Thirteen! When he was in the eleventh grade, Martin Jar. Wrote a special speech and won a prize. He was so excited that his â€Å"big words† had pleased people. On the bus ride home, however, Martin Jar. Was told to give up his seat to a white man. Martin said, â€Å"It was the angriest I have ever been in my life. † Martin Jar. Skipped the twelfth grade and went to Morehouse College in Atlanta. He tried to decide how he could best wallpapering Americans. He questioned whether he should be a doctor, a lawyer or a Minister? Martin Jar. Decided to become a Minister like his father. Martin Jars. First sermon was in a small room at Benzene Baptist Church. He spoke so powerfully that many people crowded into the room to hear him. More and more people came tap hear him and before long he was preaching in a larger room so that more people could her his inspiring sermons. Martin Jar. Returned to College again and earned a doctorate in theology. He was now Dry. Martin Luther King Jar. He met a girl called Correct Scott at the College where he earned his doctorate and in 1953 Martin Jar. D Correct Scott got married. Martin Jar. And his wife moved to Montgomery, Alabama. There he worked hard at being a good Minister and community leader. On December 1, 1955, an African American woman, named Rosa Park, refused to give up her seat on a bus too white man. She was arrested and taken to Jail for breaking the law that required African Americans to giv e up their bus seats to white Americans. Her arrest angered many African Americans in Montgomery, Alabama. They refused to ride on the buses until the law was changed. Dry. Martin Luther King Jar. Agreed to lead the bus boycott. He and his family were heartened and their home was bombed but he knew that what they were doing was right. Eventually the U. S. Supreme Court was asked to decide on whether the bus segregation law was good. The Court decided that the boycott was wrong. Dry. King and his fellow boycotter had won. Dry. King led more battles to end unfair laws in the United States. He worked to ensure that all children could go to schools together. He tried to change laws so that African Americans could vote in elections and be paid the same wage as white people. At times Dry. King was Jailed because he stood up for what he knew was right. On the 28th of August 1963 Dry. King gave a famous speech entitled â€Å"l Have A Dream†. Millions of people heard him say â€Å"l have a dream that my four children will one day of their character†. In 1964 Dry. King received the Nobel Peace Prize for his non-violent efforts to change the unfair laws in the United States of America. On April 4th 1968 Dry. King was tragically shot and killed in Memphis, Tennessee, ending his dream of equal rights for all Americans. People around the world were saddened by the death of this peaceful leader who gave his life to make the world a better place for all. How to cite Martin Luther King Short Bio, Papers

Situational Crime Prevention Community Safety - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Situational Crime Prevention Community Safety. Answer: Introduction: Crime is an illegal and unethical act and is universal in nature. Such acts not only harm the individual but the society also. Crime prevention is an attempt to reduce the illegal acts for maintaining justice in the society (Horyniak et al. 2016). In Victoria, the rate of crime is growing and the youth society of Australia are very much get involved in such illegal acts. Most of the crimes are committed in intoxicated situation or from the grievance of unemployment and poverty and it is important to identify other criminal factors for establishing a pleasant society. This report is based on certain advice on the effective strategy on crime prevention and effective methods to implement the strategies. Discussion: Nature of the current problem: Most of the crimes committed in the state of Victoria are organised in nature as the symptoms of the crimes are followed the elements of organised crime. The elements of the organised crime are as follows: The criminal acts should be committed for any gain; The outcome of the offence must be serious; Most the crimes are committed by small group of people; The crimes are committed plan wise; The criminal groups are frequently disbursed after the commission of the offence. However, Major Crime (Investigative Powers) Act 2004 (Vic) defines the term organised crime as an indictable offence and the terms of the punishment imposed for the offence are up to ten years. The most common offences that have been committed in Victoria are burglary and theft. According to a criminal figure published in 2016, up to 24.4% crimes were committed in the form of robbery and 15.9% crimes were committed in the form of theft (Crimestatistics.vic.gov.au 2018). Except these, the rate of crime in case of burglary was 10.1% and 6.9% crimes were committed under Narcotic Substances Act. A report is revealing that rate of crime in case of theft and burglary has been increased almost 27% in 2016 compare to 2015. Another offence that has been increasing now days is sexual assault in the state of Victoria. Most of the cases on burglary and robbery are committed by gangs and various criminal organisations are established in Victoria. In general, the organisation that controls the illegal acts or supplying illegal substances are known as criminal organisation. In Victoria, there is no specific definition on criminal organisation. A report published by the Victoria Law Reform reveals that the criminal groups are active in the drugs market. It has also been observed that the juvenile assault has been grown in Australia since 2000 and the rate of molestation on women is at high condition. Most of the women are victimised by their relatives. The crime related to graffiti has also become a serious problem in Australia. All these offences are indictable in nature (Von Lampe 2015). Recommended course of action or techniques: Criminal conducts are belonging to the human activities and therefore, the main objective of the criminal prevention theories is to understand the key factors of the criminal conduct. Crime prevention theory is based on certain moral principles (Crawford and Evans 2017). It defines the nature of suitable society. There are certain crime prevention techniques and theories for the implementation of relevant rules to reduce the criminal mentalities and activities as well. The term crime prevention can be classified as social prevention and environmental prevention. Social prevention concentrates on the process where crime can be prevented by the common people and give emphasis on the behaviour of the people. Environmental prevention points out the environment where a crime can take place. Social crime prevention process can be based on three theories such as: Routine activity theory; Rational choice theory; Problem solving methodologies. Routine activity theory: This theory is based on Felsons crime triangle model. According to Marcus Felson, there are three factors that jointly caused the commission of crime. Those three factors are an offender, a target and absence of capable guardianship. Felson had propounded the theory from social ground and according to him, where in a society there is high rate of poverty and unemployment, commission of crime is also high in number. The society of Australia is very much affected by poverty and unemployment. It has been reported by Australian Council of Social Service (ACOSS) that 17.4% children in Australia are suffering from poverty and the rate is growing subsequently (Acoss.org.au 2018). On the other hand, a hidden grievance has been observed among the youth of Victoria due to lack of proper job. Concurrently, the high rate of corporate crimes has instigated the youth to commit crime. The reasons behind corporate crime are well established by the routine activity theory. The motivated offenders as described in the crime triangle model are playing a vital role as according to Felson, they have a tendency to commit crime (Wikstrm et al. 2015). The vulnerable objects are defined as a suitable target and situation makes the target more attractive to the offender. According Felson and Cohen, risk regarding the personality and property is increased due to low self control tendency that arise due to poverty and lack of job in Victoria and Australia as well. This theory has made an attempt to define the chances of crime at different level. In the beginning, this theory was used to recognize the changes made in the pattern of crime. Later, the theory was developed to predict the allocation of crime across time. There are certain places in every country where the rate of crime is higher compare to the other places. This theory made an attempt to delve into the reason of this comparison. This theory creates emphasis on the routine activities of human being. Besides, this theory has made an attempt to describe the differences in the process of victimization. This theory analyses the scale of risk applied on potential victim and as viewed in case of Victoria, this model will help to analyse the behavioural changes among the youth and will assist to resolve the dispute from the root. Rational choice theory: The social and economic behaviour of a crime is described by the rational choice theory. This theory is based on cost and benefit theory of Economics. It is stated that people are always making rational choices to gain certain profits. Commission of crime is also depending on the same principle (Newman and Clarke 2016). It is observed that a person can commit crime to meet his desire such as sex or entertainment or to gain profit in the form of money or status. Eminent criminologist Gul had explained certain elements of this theory which can be classified into following: Every individual is a rational actor; People choose their behaviour on the basis of rational calculation; Various cost benefit theories are the central pivot of this theory; However, he had imposed certain responsibilities on the government to maintain good law and order system in the country with an intention to control this tendency of human beings. Government has failed to provide sufficient job to the youth of Victoria and this forced them to get addicted to drugs and commits crimes like burglary and robbery. This theory focuses on the nature and characteristics of crime. Many theorists have classified the theory as a meta-theory of criminology as it deals with different components of crime. According to this theory, crime is a calculated offence and the criminals are making decision with conscious mind. The main objective of the decision was to gain certain benefits by committing the crime. Problem solving methodologies: There are certain problem solving methods that are also helpful to prevent the commission of crime by way of identifying the main facts of a criminal case (Clarke and Eck 2014). The processes are known as problem solving methodologies. SARA and 5Is are such techniques. SARA: The method of SARA is based on the four aspects such as Scanning, Analysis, Responding and Assessing results. This problem solving method is used by most of the policing agencies. It gives a systematic approach to identify and analyse the criminal acts. 5Is model: 5Is model is also a crime prevention model that consists of processes like Intelligence, Intervention, Implementation, Involvement and Impact. This criminal approach is made to improve the level of performance by supplying an integrated map (Weisburd and McEwen 2015). The main objective of this model is to capture the main facts and share the knowledge for the maintenance of good practice to prevent a crime. Environmental prevention: The most effective prevention therapy under this process is situational crime prevention. According to this model, it is required to stop the commission of crime before it is executed (Wortley and Townsley 2016). This theory prioritises the role of bystanders and pedestrian to stop the commission of crime. The risk of street crime can be reduced if the common public participates in the prevention of crime. Additionally, CCTV footage will also help to reduce the chances of commission of crime in the deserted places. Situational crime prevention suggests that if the deserted premises can be maintained properly, occurrence of crime can be controlled (Clarke and Bowers 2017). This method is helpful to identify the criminals and helps the police in the investigation process. Additionally, the criminals will get restricted if the common people will take active part in the prohibition of criminal acts. The same principle can be applied in case of graffiti. Recommendation for Implementation process: Certain steps can be recommended for the implementation of the above discussed processes. The first thing is to search the problem behind local crime. It is required to conduct a survey on the crimes and the criminal acts should be sort out accordingly. Criminal map is helpful to predict the most criminal places in Victoria. Second important step is to identify a particular problem related to crime. Effectiveness of the entire necessary crime prevention model should be analysed as per the problems. For example, in Victoria, most common problems are burglary, robbery and drug addiction. Therefore, the process that could help to reduce these crimes should be adopted. Thirdly, all the possible crime prevention measures should have to be considered and the most effective measures should be applied to prevent the criminal activities (Gibson and Johnson 2016). Next stage should identify the agency who will implement the plan. The significant changes should have to be recorded by the agents and proper documentation is required in this case with an intention to provide a systematic approach to the crime prevention. Conclusion: There is no easy solution for the prevention of crime. Certain theories have been prescribed by the criminologists to get a concept over the prevention. There are certain advantages and disadvantages of these theories. It is required to analyse the stages of criminal activities and proper implementation method should have to be adopted to prevent the possibility of crime. This report has prescribed certain advises regarding the prevention of crime and implementation processes have also been discussed. The youths of Victoria are likely to be involved in illegal acts and reasons behind the acts have been identified. However, it can be stated that crime can only be curbed by the help of the community. Proper methods should have to be adopted to provide a secured life to the citizen. Reference: Acoss.org.au. (2018).Poverty ACOSS. [online] Available at: https://www.acoss.org.au/poverty/ [Accessed 13 Jan. 2018]. Clarke, R. and Eck, J.E., 2014.Become a problem-solving crime analyst. Routledge. Clarke, R.V. and Bowers, K., 2017. Seven misconceptions of situational crime prevention.Handbook of crime prevention and community safety, pp.109-142. Crawford, A. and Evans, K., 2017.Crime prevention and community safety(pp. 797-824). Oxford University Press. Crimestatistics.vic.gov.au. (2018).Homepage - Crime Statistics Agency Victoria. [online] Available at: https://www.crimestatistics.vic.gov.au [Accessed 10 Jan. 2018]. Criminal Justice. (2018).Routine Activities Theory (Criminology Theories) IResearchNet. [online] Available at: https://criminal-justice.iresearchnet.com/criminology/theories/routine-activities-theory/2/ [Accessed 13 Jan. 2018]. Gibson, V. and Johnson, D., 2016. CPTED, but not as we know it: Investigating the conflict of frameworks and terminology in crime prevention through environmental design.Security Journal,29(2), pp.256-275. Horyniak, D., Dietze, P., Degenhardt, L., Agius, P., Higgs, P., Bruno, R., Alati, R. and Burns, L., 2016. Age-related differences in patterns of criminal activity among a large sample of polydrug injectors in Australia.Journal of Substance Use,21(1), pp.48-56. Kurland, J., Pires, S.F., McFann, S.C. and Moreto, W.D., 2017. Wildlife crime: a conceptual integration, literature review, and methodological critique.Crime Science,6(1), p.4. Newman, G. and Clarke, R.V., 2016.Rational choice and situational crime prevention: Theoretical foundations. Routledge. Tilley, N. and Sidebottom, A. eds., 2017.Handbook of crime prevention and community safety. Taylor Francis. Von Lampe, K., 2015.Organized crime: analyzing illegal activities, criminal structures, and extra-legal governance. SAGE Publications. Weisburd, D.L. and McEwen, T., 2015. Introduction: Crime mapping and crime prevention. Wikstrm, P.O.H., Treiber, K., Hardie, B. and Oberwittler, D., 2015. Felsons Review of Breaking Rules: Smoke and Mirrors.Journal of Criminal Justice Education,26(1), pp.115-116. Wortley, R.K. and Townsley, M. eds., 2016.Environmental criminology and crime analysis(Vol. 18). Taylor Francis.